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Early enteral nutrition in puppies with parvovirus enteritis

02 October 2014
Clinical
9 mins read
02 October 2014
Volume 5 · Issue 8

Abstract

Canine parvovirus (CPV) enteritis is an important cause of severe, often fatal enteritis in dogs. Survival rates can be as high as 90% when puppies receive intensive treatment at tertiary veterinary facilities. No disease-specific therapies exist and treatment consists of supportive therapies. These therapies include intensive fluid therapy, antibiotic therapy, antiemetic therapy and analgesic therapy. Anthelminthic therapy is added to eliminate possible concurrent verminosis. One supportive measure which was found to be associated with more rapid clinical improvement in canine parvovirus enteritis is the early implementation of enteral nutrition. This article reviews the research findings in various aspects of early enteral nutrition in both human and animal critical care. Different naso-enteric feeding devices are compared and various feeding methods for the various clinical scenarios encountered with canine parvovirus enteritis are briefly discussed. The concept of gastric residual volume and its potential role in early enteral nutrition is evaluated. The authors' view on how these research findings can be practically applied to treat puppies with canine parvovirus enteritis is presented. A detailed description is given on the decision-making process in early enteral nutrition in a tertiary facility treating puppies with canine parvovirus enteritis.

CPV-2c are the most common virulent strains found in various countries including the UK (Goddard and Leisewitz, 2010). To date no agent-specific treatment has proven effective for CPV enteritis, therefore treatment remains symptomatic and supportive (Goddard and Leisewitz, 2010). The survival of acute CPV cases is largely dependent on the intensive treatment given when the puppy is hospitalised. Survival of infected puppies ranges from 9% if left untreated to more than 90% in those treated in tertiary veterinary facilities (Kalli et al, 2010). At the authors' facility survival rates between 80 and 84% have been recorded in consecutive studies during the past decade (Schoeman et al, 2007; Goddard et al, 2008; McClure et al, 2013). Enteral nutrition was shown to be one of the supportive treatments that played a significant role in the clinical improvement of these puppies (Mohr et al, 2003).

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parvovirus gastroenteritis
assisted feeding
feeding tubes
intermittent bolus
constant rate
gastric residual volume