References

Ahlstrom LA, Mason KV, Mills PC Barazone decreases skin lesions and pruritus and increases quality of life in dogs with atopic dermatitis: a randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled trial. J Vet Pharmacol Ther. 2010; 33:573-82

Arpinelli F, Bamfi F The FDA guidance for industry on PROs: the point of view of a pharmaceutical company. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2006; 4

Benito J, Hardie E, Zamprogno H Reliability and discriminatory testing of a client-based metrology instrument, Feline Musculoskeletal Pain Index – FMPI, for the evaluation of degenerative joint disease associated pain in cats. Vet J. 2013a; 196:(3)368-73

Benito J, Hansen B, DePuy V Feline Musculoskeletal Pain Index (FMPI): Responsiveness and Criterion Validity Testing. J Vet Intern Med. 2013b; 27:(3)474-82

Benito-de-la-Vibora J, Gruen ME, Thomson A, Simpson W, Lascelles BD Owner-assessed indices of quality of life in cats and the relationship to the presence of degenerative joint disease. J Feline Med Surg. 2012; 14:863-70

Bennett D, Morton C A study of owner observed behavioural and lifestyle changes in cats with musculoskeletal disease before and after analgesic therapy. J Feline Med Surg. 2009; 11:997-1004

Brondani JT, Luna SP, Padovani CR Refinement and initial validation of a multidimensional composite scale for use in assessing acute postoperative pain in cats. Am J Vet Res. 2011; 72:174-83

Brondani JT, Mama KR, Luna SP Validation of the English version of the UNESP-Botucatu multidimensional composite pain scale for assessing postoperative pain in cats. BMC Veterinary Research. 2013; 9

Brown DC, Boston RC, Coyne JC, Farrar JT Development and psychometric testing of an instrument designed to measure chronic pain in dogs with osteoarthritis. Am J Vet Res. 2007; 68:631-7

Brown DC, Boston RC, Coyne JC, Farrar JT Ability of the canine brief pain inventory to detect response to treatment in dogs with osteoarthritis. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2008; 233:1278-83

Budke CM, Levine JM, Kerwin SC, Levine GJ, Hettlich BF, Slater MR Evaluation of a questionnaire for obtaining owner-perceived, weighted quality-of-life assessments for dogs with spinal cord injuries. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2008; 233:925-30

Cambridge AJ, Tobias KM, Newberry RC, Sarkar DK Subjective and objective measurements of postoperative pain in cats. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2000; 217:685-90

Clarke SP, Bennett D Feline osteoarthritis: a prospective study of 28 cases. J Small Anim Pract. 2006; 47:439-45

Favrot C, Linek M, Mueller R, Zini E Development of a questionnaire to assess the impact of atopic dermatitis on health-related quality of life of affected dogs and their owners. Vet Dermatol. 2010; 21:63-9

Firth AM, Haldane SL Development of a scale to evaluate postoperative pain in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1999; 214:651-9

Freeman LM, Rush JE, Farabaugh AE, Must A Development and evaluation of a questionnaire for assessing health-related quality of life in dogs with cardiac disease. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2005; 226:1864-8

Freeman LM, Rush JE, Oyama MA Development and evaluation of a questionnaire for assessment of health-related quality of life in cats with cardiac disease. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2012; 240:1188-93

Hansen B, Hardie EM, Carroll GS Physiological measurements after ovariohysterectomy in dogs: what's normal?. Appl Anim Behav Sci. 1997; 51:101-9

Hartmann K, Kuffer M Karnofsky's score modified for cats. Eur J Med Res. 1998; 1–2:95-98

Hercock CA, Pinchbeck G, Giejda A, Clegg PD, Innes JF Validation of a client-based clinical metrology instrument for the evaluation of canine elbow osteoarthritis. J Small Anim Pract. 2009; 50:266-71

Hielm-Bjorkman AK, Kuusela E, Liman A Evaluation of methods for assessment of pain associated with chronic osteoarthritis in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2003; 222:1552-8

Hielm-Bjorkman AK, Rita H, Tulamo RM Psychometric testing of the Helsinki chronic pain index by completion of a questionnaire in Finnish by owners of dogs with chronic signs of pain caused by osteoarthritis. Am J Vet Res. 2009; 70:727-34

Holton LL, Scott EM, Nolan AM, Reid J, Welsh E, Flaherty D J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1998; 212:61-5

Holton L, Reid J, Scott EM, Pawson P, Nolan AM Development of a behaviour-based scale to measure acute pain in dogs. Vet Rec. 2001; 148:525-31

Hudson JT, Slater MR, Taylor L, Scott HM, Kerwin SC Assessing repeatability and validity of a visual analogue scale questionnaire for use in assessing pain and lameness in dogs. Am J Vet Res. 2004; 65:1634-43

Innes JF, Barr AR Clinical natural history of the postsurgical cruciate deficient canine stifle joint: year 1. J Small Anim Pract. 1998; 39:325-32

Lamont LA Feline perioperative pain management. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract. 2002; 32:747-63

Lascelles BD, Hansen BD, Roe S Evaluation of client-specific outcome measures and activity monitoring to measure pain relief in cats with osteoarthritis. J Vet Intern Med. 2007; 21:410-6

Lascelles BD, DePuy V, Thomson A Evaluation of a therapeutic diet for feline degenerative joint disease. J Vet Intern Med. 2010; 24:487-95

Levine JM, Budke CM, Levine GJ, Kerwin SC, Hettlich BF, Slater MR Owner-perceived, weighted quality-of-life assessments in dogs with spinal cord injuries. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2008; 233:931-5

Lynch S, Savary-Bataille K, Leeuw B, Argyle DJ Development of a questionnaire assessing health-related quality-of-life in dogs and cats with cancer. Vet Comp Oncol. 2011; 9:172-82

Niessen SJ, Powney S, Guitian J Evaluation of a quality-of-life tool for cats with diabetes mellitus. J Vet Intern Med. 2010; 24:1098-105

Reid J, Nolan AM, Hughes JML, Lascelles D, Pawson P, Scott EM Development of the short-form Glasgow Composite Measure Pain Scale (CMPS-SF) and derivation of an analgesic intervention score. Animal Welfare. 2007; 16:(S1)97-104

Reynolds CA, Oyama MA, Rush JE Perceptions of quality of life and priorities of owners of cats with heart disease. J Vet Intern Med. 2010; 24:1421-6

Robertson SA Managing pain in feline patients. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract. 2005; 35:129-46

Taylor PM, Robertson SA Pain management in cats past, present and future. Part 1. The cat is unique. J Feline Med Surg. 2004; 6:313-20

Tzannes S, Hammond MF, Murphy S, Sparkes A, Blackwood L Owners ‘perception of their cats’ quality of life during COP chemotherapy for lymphoma. J Feline Med Surg. 2008; 10:73-81

Usunoff KG, Popratiloff A, Schmitt O, Ree A The funciontal neuroanatomy of pain. Adv Anat Embryol Cell Biol. 2006; 184:1-115

Walton M. J., Cowderoy E., Lascelles B. D. X., Innes J. F Evaluation of construct and criterion validity for the ‘Liverpool Osteoarthritis in Dogs’ (LOAD) clinical metrology instrument and comparison to two other instruments. PLoS One. 2013; 8:(3)

Wiseman-Orr ML, Nolan AM, Reid J, Scott EM Development of a questionnaire to measure the effects of chronic pain on health-related quality of life in dogs. Am J Vet Res. 2004; 65:1077-84

Wiseman-Orr ML, Scott EM, Reid J, Nolan AM Validation of a structured questionnaire as an instrument to measure chronic pain in dogs on the basis of effects on health-related quality of life. Am J Vet Res. 2006; 67:1826-36

Wojciechowska JI, Hewson CJ Quality-of-life assessment in pet dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2005; 226:722-8

Wojciechowska JI, Hewson CJ, Stryhn H, Guy NC, Patronek GJ, Timmons V Evaluation of a questionnaire regarding nonphysical aspects of quality of life in sick and healthy dogs. Am J Vet Res. 2005a; 66:1461-7

Wojciechowska JI, Hewson CJ, Stryhn H, Guy NC, Patronek GJ, Timmons V Development of a discriminative questionnaire to assess nonphysical aspects of quality of life of dogs. Am J Vet Res. 2005b; 66:1453-60

Woolf C Pain: moving from symptom control toward mechanism-specific pharmacologic management. Annals of Internal Medicine. 2004; 140:441-51

Yazbek KV, Fantoni DT Validity of a health-related quality-of-life scale for dogs with signs of pain secondary to cancer. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2005; 226:1354-8

Zamprogno H, Hansen BD, Bondell HD Item generation and design testing of a questionnaire to assess degenerative joint disease-associated pain in cats. Am J Vet Res. 2010; 71:1417-24

Guidelines for recognition, assessment and treatment of pain

02 April 2015
19 mins read
Volume 6 · Issue 3

The ability to experience pain is universally shared by all mammals, including companion animals, and as members of the veterinary healthcare team it is our moral and ethical duty to mitigate this suffering to the best of our ability. This begins by evaluating for pain at every patient contact. However, and despite advances in the recognition and treatment of pain, there remains a gap between its occurrence and its successful management; the inability to accurately diagnose pain and limitations in, and/or comfort with, the analgesic modalities available remain root causes. Both would benefit from the development, broad dissemination, and adoption of pain assessment and management guidelines.

This article presents selected sections of the WSAVA Guidelines focusing on pain assessment. The full guidelines can be found on the WSAVA website (www.wsava.org). Additional web-based resources are also available as www.wsava.org including a webcast on pain assessment from the GPC Pre-Congress Day at the 2013 WSAVA World Congress.

Register now to continue reading

Thank you for visiting The Veterinary Nurse and reading some of our peer-reviewed content for veterinary professionals. To continue reading this article, please register today.