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Feline lower urinary tract disease and PURINA VETERINARY DIETS (R) FELINE UR ST/OX™

Feline lower urinary tract disease is a common condition. The most common causes are feline idiopathic cystitis and urinary stones (urolithiasis). Both of these conditions often require long-term treatment to prevent or reduce recurrences. Environmental modification and dietary management play key roles in the management. Feline UR ST/OX™ is designed to assist in the management of feline idiopathic cystitis and struvite and calcium oxalate urolithiasis.

How to anaesthetise reptiles

    Review
  • Tuesday, May 2, 2017
    • | The Veterinary Nurse
Reptiles are now the fourth most popular type of pet in the UK (behind cats, dogs and fish) but many practices and veterinary staff are unsure over how to perform routine procedures on the different species including general anaesthesia. This article will cover the basics of how to successfully anaesthetise reptiles from induction through to recovery for routine or short procedures. It gives veterinary staff a quick reference guide to some of the specific considerations that need to be made when presented with a pet reptile in practice in need of a general anaesthetic.

Setting up a nurse-led nutrition service

    Review
  • Wednesday, October 2, 2019
    • | The Veterinary Nurse
Nutrition is a very important aspect of basic veterinary care. This is recognised by the WSAVA, as nutritional assessment is regarded as the 5th vital assessment. Veterinary nurses play a key role is nutritional assessment, nutritional recommendation, and follow up. This article will describe how to set up a nurse-led nutrition service, with Utrecht University Companion Animal Clinic as an example.

Ear mites: tackling a persistent problem

    Research
  • Friday, October 1, 2010
    • | The Veterinary Nurse
Ear mites are a common problem in animals and frequently seen in companion animal practice. Otodectes cynotis is the best known ear mite, but is not the only one. Mites from the demodecidae and sarcoptidae family can also be found in the ear canal. Clinical signs of ear mites include excessive scratching of the ear, head shaking and dark brown crumbly wax. Transmission can occur by direct contact and also via fomites. Successful treatment of ear mites requires mechanical cleaning of the ear canal, topical and systemic treatment, and also cleaning of all the material that has been in contact with the mites, for example grooming tools, bedding materials and transport cages.

Capnography for the veterinary nurse

    Review
  • Friday, June 2, 2023
    • | The Veterinary Nurse
According to reports, small animal anaesthesia appears to be increasing in safety. However, greater patient care during the peri-anaesthetic period would further reduce fatalities. While there is no direct evidence to prove that the use of capnography can reduce the risk of mortality, it has been shown to prevent morbidities and has allowed for the early detection of complications before significant physiological side effects are seen. Capnography is becoming more commonplace in veterinary practice; however, it is reported that not all registered veterinary nurses feel comfortable with its use. This article provides detailed information on capnography so that registered veterinary nurses will be more knowledgeable and confident in using this method to detect and correct any issues that arise.

Working towards a greener future in veterinary anaesthesia

    Review
  • Wednesday, November 2, 2022
    • | The Veterinary Nurse
Anaesthetic gases can exhibit global warming effects by acting as greenhouse gases. The global warming potentials of these gases vary greatly — with sevoflurane being the most environmentally friendly. Nitrous oxide may also exhibit a global warming effect by direct ozone depletion. Veterinary professionals have the potential to reduce their carbon footprint by making use of targeted anaesthetic choices, low fresh gas flows, and multimodal anaesthesia protocols. Individual practices can also appoint an environmental leader and apply pressure to production companies, as well as provide incentives to staff members to take individual action. New developments within sustainable anaesthesia include metal organic frameworks for gas recapture and potential reuse, as well as the development of an environmentally friendly volatile agent, xenon.

Assisted feeding techniques in hospitalised felines

    Review
  • Tuesday, February 2, 2021
    • | The Veterinary Nurse
Both dogs and cats continue to be important family and household members. However, because felines are obligate carnivores, they have complicated, and unique nutritional requirements compared with their canine counterparts. These nutritional demands can become even more of a challenge when they are placed in a stressful or hospital environment.

Kirby's Rule of 20: the veterinary nurse's critical patient checklist part 2

    Review
  • Wednesday, September 2, 2020
    • | The Veterinary Nurse
Kirby's Rule of 20 is a patient checklist including 20 parameters that should be checked daily in the critically ill patient. It reviews the established evidence-based information regarding patient checklist use in veterinary emergency and critical care medicine. The list of 20 will be discussed over a four-part series to give an appropriate level of information and attention to each patient parameter. Part 2 includes: blood pressure, body temperature, oxygenation and ventilation, red blood cells and haemoglobin, and coagulation cascade.

A dog in third degree atrioventricular block: patient case report

    Review
  • Thursday, March 2, 2023
    • | The Veterinary Nurse
This case report describes the patient journey of a young Cockapoo with symptomatic bradycardia, from admission to a referral hospital, investigations and management with pacemaker implantation, until discharge from the hospital. The case describes the general physical examination findings specific to symptomatic bradycardia, as well as common investigative tests performed in cardiology cases such as indirect blood pressure measurement, biomarkers (in-house cardiac troponin I), six-lead electrocardiography and comprehensive echocardiography. This case also describes the specialist nursing role during pacemaker implantation, including pacemaker programming using telemetry, the use of fluoroscopy with a C-arm, and surgical pull list and theatre set up. The post-surgical follow-up and further optimisation of the pacemaker settings is also described. Third degree atrioventricular block is the most common reason for pacemaker implantation. Awareness of the patient journey during pacemaker implantation is important to provide adequate support and advice to owners of canine patients with symptomatic bradycardia before referral.

Dogs die in hot cars: not long is too long

    Opinion
  • Friday, June 2, 2017
    • | The Veterinary Nurse
A recent survey by the RSPCA has revealed that almost half of people questioned believe it is acceptable to leave dogs in the car on a hot day. You may have seen their campaign on social media emphasising that ‘Not long is too long’. James Yeates from the RSPCA urges readers of The Veterinary Nurse to get on board with their campaign. Together we can help to stop dogs, and other animals, suffering.

The veterinary nurse's role in the management of acute oropharyngeal injury in dogs

    Review
  • Thursday, June 2, 2022
    • | The Veterinary Nurse
Oropharyngeal injuries are commonly seen in practice. Severity can range from minor the life threatening. It is important that veterinary nurses can confidently perform an initial triage, recognise life-threatening problems, and provide initial stabilisation to these patients. Nurses play a fundamental role in the management of these cases throughout their stay in hospital. This article aims to provide practical advice and guidance on cases of oropharyngeal injury, and the importance of client education to help prevent similar cases in the future.

Management of parasites of mammalian wildlife in European hedgehogs (Erinaceus europaeus)

    Review
  • Friday, September 2, 2022
    • | The Veterinary Nurse
Wild European hedgehogs are frequent visitors to domestic gardens and as a result, injured and debilitated animals are often found by the public and brought into veterinary surgeries for treatment and rehabilitation. One of the aspects of this process that is overlooked is the ecto and endoparasites they carry. Parasite burdens are likely to be high in diseased patients and may contribute to disease syndromes or cause primary disease in their own right. Some also have limited zoonotic potential. Veterinary nurses need to be able to help the veterinary surgeon diagnose parasitic infections in hedgehog patients and assess their significance. This article summarises the most common parasites of hedgehogs that are likely to be encountered, their diagnosis and management.

How to tube feed

    Practical
  • Thursday, May 2, 2019
    • | The Veterinary Nurse
There are many different enteral feeding tubes available for use in veterinary practice to support the nutritional management of a wide variety of patients. This article aims to provide practical advice and guidance with regards to all stages of tube feed administration to ensure it is done safely and the tube is of maximum benefit to the patient and its recovery from illness or injury.

The significance of dermatoglyphic characteristics in the determination of equine phenotypic susceptibility to abnormal repetitive behaviour in the thoroughbred (Equus caballus)

    Research
  • Saturday, October 1, 2011
    • | The Veterinary Nurse
Background:Relationships have been established between trichoglyphs (whorls) and temperament, laterality and the occurrence of abnormal behaviour in multiple species. Within the equine industry stereotypic behaviour is considered to impair performance and reduce value in affected individuals, potentially reducing career longevity and compromising welfare through preventing their expression when they occur.Aim:The study aimed to determine whether dermatoglyph profiles (whorl morphology, orientation, number and topography) could be used to predict susceptibility to perform abnormal repetitive behaviours (ARB) in thoroughbred racehorses.Method:Trainer interviews combined with experimenter direct observation were used to ascertain expression of ARBs. Whorls were digitally photographed and overall whorl profiles derived using remote computer analysis.Results:Non-parametric statistical analysis revealed significant relationships between aspects of whorl morphology and performance of ARBs (round epicentre: sum ARBs p<0.05; round gross morphology: sum ARBs p<0.0001), orientation and distribution (abdominal trichoglyph orientation asymmetry: sum ARBs p<0.05; clockwise orientation: sum ARBs p<0.05 and social stereotypies p<0.05).Conclusion:This study indicates that whorls may be viable physical indicators of predisposition to perform ARBs in the thoroughbred. Assessment of dermatoglyph profiles have potential to assist with the improvement of horse welfare via informed management practices if patterns exposed are transferable to other breeds and can reliably predict individuals with a propensity to develop ARBs.

The forgotten complication: aspiration pneumonia in the canine patient

    Review
  • Monday, April 2, 2018
    • | The Veterinary Nurse
Aspiration pneumonia is a common complication, with many risk factors, seen in canine patients in referral centres and first opinion practices. Nurses play a vital role in recognising signs of aspiration pneumonia: cough, changes in breathing rate and effort, and abnormal thoracic auscultation. Treatment centres on supportive care, while providing antibiotic therapy for the bacterial infection. This article will focus on management of the canine aspiration pneumonia patient.

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