Angela Chapman

Boness Veterinary Hospital, Barton Le Clay, Bedfordshire, UK at the time of writing this article

Blood parameter monitoring in the intensive care unit

Packed cell volume (PCV) is used to determine the red blood cell mass as a percentage of blood volume and should always be interpreted in combination with a total protein (TP) measurement to minimize...

Figure 1. The main aims of anaesthesia include minimal depression of the bitch post surgery and return of the bitch and puppies to their normal environment as soon as possible

Anaesthesia for caesarean section in the bitch

Complicating factors in anaesthesia of the peri-parturient bitch include altered physiology of the bitch during pregnancy, immature physiology of the foetuses, and elective versus emergency...