Clinical

Understanding canine atopic dermatitis

Canine atopic dermatitis is diagnosed initially with the clinical evaluation of a combination of criteria that are closely associated with the disease (DeBoer and Hillier, 2001). Once it is certain...

Third eyelid laceration in a cat

Outdoor, male neutered, 3 year old, Domestic Shorthair cat from a multi-cat household presented on the evening of the 23 September 2023 with mucopurulent ocular discharge and head-shy behaviour with...

Care bundles to reduce surgical site infections and promote positive outcomes

SSIs affect large numbers of veterinary patients each year and are infections that occur at, or near, to the surgical site up to 30 days post surgery, or up to 1 year after implants have been placed...

Multidrug resistance 1 (MDR1) gene mutation in dogs

An overview of genotype possibilities is included in Table 1. In summary, these are homozygous normal (unaffected), heterozygous or homozygous mutations (affected). Offspring can inherit this gene if...

Triage: is it safe to wait?

Clients will typically call their veterinary clinic if they are concerned their pet has become unwell or injured. Triaging over the telephone determines if the pet requires immediate attention or if...

Anatomical evaluation of brachycephalism in cats and rabbits

Brachycephalic animals can be identified by their distinctive skull shape with a high cephalic index. Cat breeds affected by extreme brachycephaly include Exotic Shorthairs, Himalayans and Persians....

The importance of the team in small animal CPR

The leader is one of the most influential CPR team factors. Leaders require effective delegation, observation and time management skills (Haskey, 2016). Leaders allocate roles to the team, ensuring...

Ear base swellings in rabbits

Unlike canine and feline patients, rabbits do not have a distinct vertical or horizontal ear canal. The external ear possesses cartilaginous plates and a blind-ending diverticulum which is separated...

Nutrition and chronic renal failure

Initially, renal failure was diagnosed with serum concentrations of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine. However, symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) has been shown to detect chronic renal failure...

Zoonotic hookworms and roundworms affecting dogs and cats in Europe

Roundworms reside within the lumen of the small intestine, feeding on nutrients within it. The clinical picture in infected animals depend on different factors related to the host (eg age) or to the...

Anaesthesia in exotics part 1: small mammals

It is important to carry out temperature control measures into the recovery period, with particular care being taken in species that may overheat quickly, such as chinchillas, or those that may lose...