Therapeutic hypothermia is applied via cooling of the blood in the cardiopulmonary bypass machine (Kanemoto, 2014). This reduces the metabolic rate and oxygen demand from the tissues reducing risk of...
Calcium is crucial for skeletal bone support and numerous intra- and extracellular functions. It is involved in blood coagulation, excitation of neurons, secretion of hormones, enzyme activity and...
Sodium is the major body extracellular cation and maintains the osmolality of extracellular fluid. Normal values are around 140 milliequivalents (mEq)/litre in extracellular fluid and 10–12 mEq/litre...