The exact reason for CKCS MMVD prevalence is not known. High levels of heritability have been shown, yet there are difficulties in determining why, not least because nearly all CKCS have MMVD, so a...
Diagnostic tests are needed to either diagnose conditions, assess severity or stage of disease, identify concurrent disease, select appropriate treatment or assess the efficacy of therapy. Physical...
Home care for patients with cardiac disease which is life-limiting is palliative by nature. Palliative care can be defined as relieving or soothing the symptoms of a disease or disorder at any stage...
Therapeutic hypothermia is applied via cooling of the blood in the cardiopulmonary bypass machine (Kanemoto, 2014). This reduces the metabolic rate and oxygen demand from the tissues reducing risk of...
Blood pressure is a measure of cardiac output and systolic vascular resistance. A decrease in blood pressure can occur in a response to a drop in cardiac output, such as serious haemorrhage, a poorly...
Lucy was a 3 year and 2 month old, female neutered Cockapoo. The chief presenting complaint was lethargy and exercise intolerance associated with severe bradycardia at 30 beats per minute (bpm) noted...
Blood pressure, or more accurately intravascular pressure, is the pressure that blood physically exerts on a vessel wall. This pressure is important because the difference in intravascular pressure at...
DCM is a common cause of congestive heart failure in dogs, and historically, was linked to large and giant breed dogs (Adin et al, 2019). DCM is characterised by poor systolic function and ventricular...
The heart contains four chambers, the left and right atria and left and right ventricles. These four chambers receive and send blood through several vessels and valves to keep the body perfused with...
Cardiomyopathy is the main cause of cardiac morbidity and mortality in cats, and hyper-trophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most commonly diagnosed form (Payne et al, 2015). Cats can often have...
