Muscle tissue is constantly undergoing both protein synthesis and protein breakdown, in both health and disease states. The balance between synthesis and breakdown processes determines whether...
The most common age for onset of clinical signs of developmental elbow disease is between 6 to 10 months of age, however some dogs only present as middle aged or older adults when they have advanced...
In ARDS inflammation is triggered by either a primary condition, such as septic shock or pancreatitis, or by a severe pulmonary insult which could include aspiration pneumonia, pulmonary contusions,...
McMillan (2016) suggested that social animals that form strong relationships and are integrated most strongly into group living are most likely to survive, reproduce, and raise offspring to...
Triage is the process of categorising and prioritising patients based on their severity of condition. Nurses should be confident in their abilities to triage patients efficiently and categorise...
Domestic felines require specific dietary components in comparison to domestic canines. Felines are obligate carnivores; a term which defines their inability to synthesise vitamin A, arachidonic acid...
The inflammatory phase is the initial stage of wound healing and is initiated immediately an injury occurs. Haemostasis is triggered to stop haemorrhage and inflammatory mediators are called to the...
PBMT is a form of light therapy that uses non-ionizing light sources, such as lasers, light emitting diodes (LED) light and broadband light within both the visible and infrared spectrums. PBMT is a...
A diagnosis of cutaneous adverse food reaction (CAFR) should be included on every list of pruritic skin diseases in the dog. While CAFR can affect any age or breed of dog, the literature does suggest...
The two ascarid species that can produce patent infections in domestic cats are Toxocara cati (Schrank, 1788) (syn. Toxocara mystax, Fusaria mystax, Ascaris felis, Ascaris cati, Belascaris mystax, and...
History taking is the first opportunity to try and identify changes that the owner attributes to ‘just getting older’ as potentially indicating underlying disease.
