Non-erosive IMPA is typically induced by a type III hypersensitivity reaction where immune complexes collect in the joint space. Immune complexes are derived from bound antigen–antibody formations and...
An assessment of cardiovascular function in the patient can easily be performed using subjective methods such as mucous membrane colour, capillary refill time, pulse rate and quality, peripheral and...
Primary (hereditary) glaucoma is a congenital abnormality causing a malfunction and malformation of the eye/s, reducing the flow of aqueous humour and often slowly increasing intraocular pressure over...
Many veterinary nurses and veterinary surgeons are not confident in handling cats and recognising why they behave in the way that they do. Goins et al (2019) investigated the ability of veterinary...
The four main causes of joint pain in dogs are:.
Translocation of endogenous microbial flora is the most common route of surgical site infection. Skin preparation and aseptic techniques aim to reduce or eliminate the growth of resident and transient...
The anaesthetic plan must aim for maternal and neonatal survival, presenting a unique challenge to the anaesthetist. Exposure of the fetuses to anaesthetic drugs, since many cross the placenta...
Caries (Figure 2) form as a result of a process called ‘inorganic demineralisation’ of the enamel caused by the fermentation of plaque bacteria within the oral cavity. These bacteria use the...
Clinical examination found tachypnoea, mild dyspnoea, pale pink mucus membranes, a capillary refill time of 2 seconds, heart rate (HR) 150 bpm, clear chest auscultation, no obvious fractures,...
A low-risk ethical code was obtained from the Hartpury Ethics Committee before commencing the project: ETH-ICS2020-22-LR..
A total of 82 dogs, all from Tonga’s main island of Tonga-tapu, met criteria to be tested for both Leptospira spp. and D. immitis. All dogs tested were of mixed-breed, primarily from the Tokomololo...
The ultimate nutritional goal is to provide cats with complete and balanced nutrition appropriate to the life stage and individual, which would include a thorough nutritional assessment. The screening...