Clinical

Best practice parasite prevention in the travelling pet

Echinococcus multilocularis, the cause of cystic echinococcosis, is a severe zoonosis and considered a neglected disease by the World Health Organisation. The adult tapeworm is carried by both foxes...

Nutrition for kittens

Unlike bitches and humans, queens increase their food intake almost immediately on conception (Little et al, 2006) (Figure 2), and start gaining weight from around week two of their 65-day gestation...

Toxoplasma gondii – the facts

Although T. gondii can infect virtually all warm-blooded hosts, clinical outcome differs. For example, cattle and horses are more resistant than sheep and goats. A few examples are cited here in...

Pseudomonas otitis: what nurses need to know — frequently asked questions

Pseudomonas species are Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacteria. They are widespread in nature but are particularly found in aquatic habitats, soil and in decaying vegetation. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is...

Poisons affecting the blood

Anaemia is a reduced number of red blood cells or haemoglobin in the blood and there are three main causes, blood loss (from trauma, for example), decreased red blood cell production or increased red...

Beginners guide to cardiac pharmacology

Heart disease is defined as any abnormality of cardiac structure or function. Heart failure is said to occur when clinical signs of increased tissue water and/or decreased tissue perfusion are...

Initial management of the burn wound patient

Before creating a wound management plan, it is important to establish what caused the burn - for instance the initial stabilisation and treatment of a thermal burn may differ to that of an electrical...

Skin cytology for the veterinary nurse

The choice of diagnostic technique will depend on the type of lesion that is presented. Where the lesion is superficial, such as an area of erythema, erosion, ulceration or primary lesions like...

Endo and ectoparasites in rabbits

There are numerous parasites, both endo and ectoparasites, that affect rabbits. Some of these are asymptomatic and may play a part in the healthy balance of the rabbit's gastrointestinal tract and do...

Critical care nutrition and supportive feeding methods

The use of feeding tubes in the delivery of nutrition (calories and nutrients) is an important aspect to consider as part of the nutritional assessment. Consideration should be given to calorific...

Cutaneous sun damage and skin protection: a focus on FiltaClear

Phototoxicity, often referred to as solar dermatitis, is purely a reaction to over-exposure to the sun's rays. Although the condition develops most commonly when white or non-pigmented skin is exposed...

Breeders' role and responsibilities in the long-term behavioural health of canines

Gene selection has long been exploited by breeders to produce particular physical (e.g. bracychephalic breeds) and behavioural (e.g. herding breeds) phenotypes. However, there is growing awareness...