In a healthy animal, proteins that enter the GIT are digested into amino acids. These amino acids are then reabsorbed by the GIT. As the building blocks of proteins, they are utilised in the synthesis...
Blood pressure, or more accurately intravascular pressure, is the pressure that blood physically exerts on a vessel wall. This pressure is important because the difference in intravascular pressure at...
Nausea is believed to be caused by the activation of multiple cortical (forebrain) areas, while vomiting is initiated through activation of the vomiting centre in the medulla oblongata (brain stem)...
Both indoor and outdoor domestic fertilisers tend to be ‘NPK-based’, containing nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K). Various products are available (Figure 1). Houseplant fertilisers are...
Fleas are a cause of allergic dermatitis and vectors for a variety of infections including Bartonella henselae (cause of cat scratch disease), Rickettsia felis (cause of spotted fever), Haemoplasma...
Human error is not predictable, many factors affect our ability to perform at our best. The full integration of the surgical safety checklist to the usual working practice of the hospital would ensure...
As discussed, rabbits require a source of low-quality roughage, as well as a handful of non-selective pellets, and some fruit/vegetables in small amounts. Ideally, they should receive at least 80% of...
If behaviour is an essential consideration in the assessment and treatment of disease (Overall, 2013; Landsberg and Tynes, 2014), then a basic understanding of a dog's natural behaviour is necessary...
When the osteoarthritic patient comes into the hospital or facility, they need to be provided with plenty of cushions and bedding suitable for arthritic joints and backs (Figure 1). Geriatric dogs...
As previously mentioned, it is crucial to know of any underlying health conditions before an anaesthetic. This includes breed-related diseases, in particular those seen in brachycephalic patients, as...
