Clinical

Fluid therapy for emergent and critical cases: hypovolaemia vs dehydration

King and Boag (2018) stated that the average patient's body weight is made up of the weight of dry matter (40%), such as tissues and bones, and also fluid (60%). Fluid can then be further subdivided...

Nutritional management of the critical vomiting canine

Critically ill patients are at an increased risk of gastrointestinal compromise, including those where gastrointestinal compromise is not their primary condition. Gastrointestinal compromise can be...

Rehabilitation following surgical management of canine osteoarthritis

Surgical management of osteoarthritis is indicated for patients severely affected by osteoarthritis for which conservative management alone is not achieving the desired results. The joint(s) of the...

Salbutamol toxicosis in dogs

Salbutamol in often available in a pressurised aluminium cannister which can be easily pierced by a dog..

Figure 4. The energy generated by magnetic resonance imaging scans is transformed into heat in the patient's tissues, which can lead to hyperthermia in large patients or those undergoing prolonged scans

The importance of peri-anaesthetic temperature management: part 2

Commonly a result of an inability to dissipate heat, increased heat production/provision or a combination of both, hyperthermia can have significant deleterious impacts on the body (Thomson et al,...

Figure 1. a) Echocardiography image showing a normal canine heart in a right parasternal long axis four chamber view. b) Echocardiography image showing a Cavalier King Charles Spaniel's heart at stage B2, in a right parasternal long axis four chamber view. Note the left-sided dilation and diseased mitral valve (arrowed)

Identifying and treating heart disease in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels

The exact reason for CKCS MMVD prevalence is not known. High levels of heritability have been shown, yet there are difficulties in determining why, not least because nearly all CKCS have MMVD, so a...

Figure 1. Life cycle of canine hookworm, Ancylostoma caninum (image reproduced with permission of MARS Pet Care/Antech Diagnostics, Education).

Updates on emerging and evolving gastrointestinal parasites in dogs and cats

This case concerns a young female entire Border Collie who initially presented for reduced appetite and weight loss, and shortly thereafter developed bloody diarrhoea. Clinical history revealed that...

Senior nutritional requirements for cats and dogs

Although signs of ageing vary, there are common changes that are frequently seen (Table 3). Changes are indicative of the declining function of all body organs. Changes in bodily systems determined by...

Figure 1. A lack of scrotal sac and testicle can be observed on the right side, consistent with either cryptorchidism or monorchidism. Clinical examination alone cannot differentiate between the two conditions unless a second testicle can be palpated in the inguinal canal or abdominally.

A case of monorchidism in a domestic rabbit

A 1-year 11-month-old, 2.1 kg, male intact crossbreed rabbit presented to Abercorn Veterinary Clinic, Edinburgh after being fostered through a rabbit charity. Clinical examination by a veterinary...

Figure 2. A patient recovering in sternal with their head raised above their thorax and resting comfortably on a rolled-up blanket

The recovery period

Although relatively new in veterinary medicine, anaesthesia checklists in human medicine have been shown to decrease complications and mortality rates (Hohenfellner, 2009) by reducing the occurrence...

Diagnostic assessment of the small animal cardiac patient

Diagnostic tests are needed to either diagnose conditions, assess severity or stage of disease, identify concurrent disease, select appropriate treatment or assess the efficacy of therapy. Physical...

Figure 1. The four distinct phases of intravenous fluid therapy for humans with critical illness

Care of the acute kidney injury patient

The causes of acute kidney injury can be divided into three categories:.