Diabetes pathophysiology and disease management

Abstract

Diabetes is a disease that presents in many different forms, but diabetes mellitus is the most common form seen in dogs and cats. Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus is more common in dogs than cats and non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus is more common in cats than dogs. The incidence of diabetes varies depending on the species, age, physical attributes, genetic make up and gender of the animal. Clinical signs almost always include polyuria and polydipsia, but can also include polyphagia, weakness, weight loss, unkempt haircoat and changes in behaviour, among others. There are a number of successful treatment strategies that can enable the diabetic dog or cat to lead a long fulfilling life. Many of these treatment plans require careful monitoring of blood glucose, daily insulin injections and modifications in diet and lifestyle habits. A veterinary nurse who has a good foundation on diabetes disease pathophysiology, treatments and management strategies is not only essential in caring for hospitalized diabetic patients, but is also critical for helping to alleviate pressure on clients who must bear the responsibility of managing their diabetic pet at home.