Woolf (2011) defined the three types of pain as: neurological, this stems from the nervous system because of abnormal function; nociceptive, this is a result of a noxious stimulus damaging the...
Patient monitoring in critically ill patients is essential, and RVNs are extensively involved in this aspect of patient care (Figure 1). Monitoring should be uniquely tailored to the patient, with...
Laser therapy or photobiomodulation is a photochemical process in which light from a laser interacts with cells and causes stimulation or other biochemical changes (Pryor and Millis, 2015). Depending...
As in any dermatological disease the investigation of otitis should involve a general, dermatological and otic history. Experienced nurses are capable of taking a history from clients. This can be...
Bites and scratches leading to compromise of the skin barrier can in turn, lead to the introduction of bacteria and ringworm. Cat bites and scratches are a particular risk for Bartonella henselae (the...
IMHA is the most common reason for haemolytic anaemia in canine patients, however it is uncommon in cats (Woolcock and Scott-Moncrieff, 2019). Breeds including Springer Spaniels, Cocker Spaniels, Old...
The rising trend of pet obesity is concerning for both veterinary practices and pet owners, affecting the health, longevity and quality of life of cats and dogs. However, there are actions that can be...
Coproantigen or faecal flotation can be used as an alternative to routine preventative treatment for intestinal nematodes as long as testing is carried out at least four times a year and the client...
Cyanobacteria occur in both freshwater and marine environments. Under certain environmental conditions cyanobacteria can quickly form extensive and often visible growths or blooms. These most commonly...
Seizure is a broad term, but in veterinary medicine most commonly refers to a clinical manifestation of excessive hyperexcitability in the cerebral cortex (Meland and Carrera-Justiz, 2018). This...
