A diagnosis of cutaneous adverse food reaction (CAFR) should be included on every list of pruritic skin diseases in the dog. While CAFR can affect any age or breed of dog, the literature does suggest...
The two ascarid species that can produce patent infections in domestic cats are Toxocara cati (Schrank, 1788) (syn. Toxocara mystax, Fusaria mystax, Ascaris felis, Ascaris cati, Belascaris mystax, and...
History taking is the first opportunity to try and identify changes that the owner attributes to ‘just getting older’ as potentially indicating underlying disease.
In the critical care setting, insult to the musculoskeletal and integumentary systems occurs from traumatic injuries. These wounds can be caused by many external factors and their classification takes...
Zidan et al (2018) conducted a randomised, blinded, prospective clinical trial, evaluating the difference that basic and intensive rehabilitation had on the time to ambulation. The population...
The term brachycephalic ocular syndrome (BOS) is used to describe the eye problems, associated with conformation (exophthalmia, shallow orbit, lagophthalmia, euryblepharon, trichiasis, medial lower...
The renal system (comprising the kidney, ureters, bladder, and urethra) is responsible for many functions that help maintain overall homeostasis. Its roles include fluid regulation, hormone...
The brain, along with cerebrospinal fluid and intracranial blood, make up the cranial space, which is all enclosed by skull (Elias et al, 2019). The pressure within the skull, the intracranial...
Cardiomyopathy is the main cause of cardiac morbidity and mortality in cats, and hyper-trophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most commonly diagnosed form (Payne et al, 2015). Cats can often have...
Blood pressure is another assessment of cardiac function because it is reflective of appropriate cardiac output and systemic vascular resistance (Schumacher, 2016). Cardiac output refers to the...
All puppies and kittens are infected with Toxocara canis and T. cati respectively, at, or shortly after birth (Overgaauw and Van Knapen, 2013). This occurs through transplacental (puppies) and...
