Care bundle — group of evidence-based best practices related to a disease or set of symptoms, that, when executed together, result in better outcomes than when implemented individually (Norman,...
The inflammatory phase is the initial stage of wound healing and is initiated immediately an injury occurs. Haemostasis is triggered to stop haemorrhage and inflammatory mediators are called to the...
Sodium is the major body extracellular cation and maintains the osmolality of extracellular fluid. Normal values are around 140 milliequivalents (mEq)/litre in extracellular fluid and 10–12 mEq/litre...
PBMT is a form of light therapy that uses non-ionizing light sources, such as lasers, light emitting diodes (LED) light and broadband light within both the visible and infrared spectrums. PBMT is a...
Currently, these tests are most often used in veterinary practice to confirm a suspected diagnosis in an animal presenting with symptoms of the disease. However, they are becoming increasingly used by...
A diagnosis of cutaneous adverse food reaction (CAFR) should be included on every list of pruritic skin diseases in the dog. While CAFR can affect any age or breed of dog, the literature does suggest...
The two ascarid species that can produce patent infections in domestic cats are Toxocara cati (Schrank, 1788) (syn. Toxocara mystax, Fusaria mystax, Ascaris felis, Ascaris cati, Belascaris mystax, and...
History taking is the first opportunity to try and identify changes that the owner attributes to ‘just getting older’ as potentially indicating underlying disease.
In the critical care setting, insult to the musculoskeletal and integumentary systems occurs from traumatic injuries. These wounds can be caused by many external factors and their classification takes...
Zidan et al (2018) conducted a randomised, blinded, prospective clinical trial, evaluating the difference that basic and intensive rehabilitation had on the time to ambulation. The population...
The term brachycephalic ocular syndrome (BOS) is used to describe the eye problems, associated with conformation (exophthalmia, shallow orbit, lagophthalmia, euryblepharon, trichiasis, medial lower...
