Degenerative myelopathy affects adult dogs, typically 8 years of age and above (Awano et al, 2009). Although initially reported in the German Shepherd, it affects dogs of several breed including...
Because of the wide range of symptoms and presentations it is likely that FIC has multiple causes (Forrester and Towell, 2015)..
Nutrition is essential for good health, but it is particularly important to critically ill patients. This is because they can quickly develop malnutrition, or pre-existing malnutrition is aggravated...
Although young patients are capable of rapid repair, it was stated by Rigotti and Brearley (2016) that these patients have a reduced capacity to compensate in response to physiological changes that...
Pancreatitis is described as the most common exocrine disease affecting both canines and felines (Steiner, 2020). Premature activation of digestive enzymes results in pancreatic autodigestion, leading...
Preparation begins with the selection of appropriate microscope slides which should be premium, pre-cleaned slides, frosted at one end to adequately label the smear with the patient's details (Figure...
A. vasorum has spread rapidly over the past 20 years from endemic foci in Wales, the South West and South East of England across the whole of the UK. Increased reporting of cases has been seen in...
The mechanisms of many of the substances causing neurological effects is unknown. Few have a specific antidote, therefore management in most cases is supportive, with the focus on controlling or...
Good nutritional support of hospitalised dogs and cats improves recovery from illness, reduces mortality and improves responses to trauma and stress (Chan, 2004). The purpose of providing nutritional...
Patients that have a tracheostomy tube in situ need continual monitoring 24 hours a day. This high level of monitoring is required as patients are at risk of obstruction, occlusion or tube...
Premedication can be a useful tool in small mammal medicine. The use of a premedicant can sedate the patient, reducing stress on induction, and some drugs may have an anaesthetic-sparing effect,...
Demonstration of ocular pain is species and patient specific. Prey species tend to hide ophthalmic pain well as do certain dog breeds, notably many of the terriers. Of increasing importance is the...