Phototoxicity, often referred to as solar dermatitis, is purely a reaction to over-exposure to the sun's rays. Although the condition develops most commonly when white or non-pigmented skin is exposed...
IBP is an invasive and direct measurement technique. An arterial line is a catheter that is placed into an artery. This is attached to compatible tubing which is connected to a monitor via a...
Gene selection has long been exploited by breeders to produce particular physical (e.g. bracychephalic breeds) and behavioural (e.g. herding breeds) phenotypes. However, there is growing awareness...
There are numerous classification systems used in the literature for staging patients with AKI including: International Renal Interest Society (IRIS) guidelines (Table 1); Risk, In-jury, Failure, Loss...
A tumour is defined as an abnormal growth or swelling (Niemiec et al, 2017), and oral tumours are either malignant or benign and are of odontogenic (arising from tissues that give origin to teeth) or...
With most species of mites dwelling on the skin surface, heavy infestations are seldom found in wild reptile specimens because the ecdysis process (skin shedding) provides sporadic removal of the mite...
The use of honey has featured throughout history with links to religion, cult and mythology, but probably one of the most prominent uses has been medicinally. The medicinal use of honey has been noted...
Barrier nursing describes the care of patients with infectious diseases, however, barrier nursing should be standard in all practices for many of the patients in the hospital. Patients will need to be...
Many clients will be unaware of the extent that BOAS is effecting their pet. Some important questions to ask on admission include: respiratory noise at rest and when playing/exercising; how active...
Elderly cats are susceptible to developing a number of different health problems that can adversely affect their welfare and may also result in behaviour changes. The most common medical conditions...
Puppies are helpless at birth, unable to stand, hear or see, and totally dependent on their mother for the first few weeks of life. During the pre-weaning stage, the dam will ideally provide all the...
Adult fleas lay eggs within 24 hours and can lay 40–50 eggs per day. The eggs hatch in 1–6 days and the larvae can then pupate in as little as 10–20 days under warm, humid conditions. Adult fleas can...