Inadvertent perioperative hypothermia is a common complication of anaesthesia and sedation, although the seriousness of its effects should not be overlooked despite its frequent occurrence (Reynolds...
Home care for patients with cardiac disease which is life-limiting is palliative by nature. Palliative care can be defined as relieving or soothing the symptoms of a disease or disorder at any stage...
On presentation to the practice the patient should have their basic parameters assessed, including heart rate, respiratory rate, temperature, mucous membrane colour, capillary refill time and blood...
In many cases of feline conjunctivitis, it is difficult to distinguish underlying causes and laboratory diagnostics may be necessary. However, a full clinical history should be taken alongside an...
You are a small animal registered veterinary nurse working in a referral practice. Your practice has seen a high incidence of UTIs in canine patients with indwelling urinary catheters. Recognising...
Increasing numbers of imported rescue cats and dogs have been seen over the past few years, with an associated risk of exotic pathogens entering the UK. The European Scientific Counsel for Companion...
Therapeutic hypothermia is applied via cooling of the blood in the cardiopulmonary bypass machine (Kanemoto, 2014). This reduces the metabolic rate and oxygen demand from the tissues reducing risk of...
The development of canine chronic enteropathy clinical activity indices extrapolated from human medicine offer a quantifiable and repeatable measure of monitoring response to treatment. The most...
CO2 within the body can be measured either directly via arterial sampling, which gives us the partial pressure of CO2 in arterial blood (PaCO2), or indirectly via capnography. PaCO2 readings are...
Internal parasites live inside the animal's body, in different locations including the small intestine, the lung, the heart, the subcutaneous tissue or even inside the eye. The majority of internal...
Preventative medicine (which does not just include nutrition) can be subdivided into three parts:.
Non-erosive IMPA is typically induced by a type III hypersensitivity reaction where immune complexes collect in the joint space. Immune complexes are derived from bound antigen–antibody formations and...