It should be noted that if there are concurrent conditions which influence nutritional needs these will usually take precedence, for example concurrent renal disease (Rand and Marshall, 2005)..
Canine UTIs may occur as a primary disease or secondary to underlying conditions such as diabetes mellitus, hyperadrenocorticism or urinary retention (Forrester et al, 1999; Bubenik and Hosgood,...
Pain is defined as a sensory and emotional experience caused by actual or potential damage to tissue (The International Association for the Study of Pain, 1994). The sensory aspect of pain can be...
Any patient that has limited use of one or more limbs will have the potential to suffer the detrimental effects of disuse, and would be suitable candidates for the application of effleurage and PROM...
Pre-surgical patient preparation includes the gathering and organisation of all monitoring equipment, heat sources, emergency drugs and other supplies prior to induction of anaesthesia. Vascular...
The most common factors leading to obesity in rabbits are reduced activity level (often due to restricted access to space) and feeding of a highly calorific diet such as muesli, excessive pellets and...
Parturition is the term used to describe the expulsion of the fetus and the fetal membranes from the uterus through the maternal passages by natural forces (Pycock, 2012). Parturition is divided into...
Radiographic findings are a key element in decisionmaking, thus radiography is a vital tool in veterinary dental diagnostics; it is indispensible in human dentistry, and dental radiographs are...
ARVC can have potentially serious side effects on cardiac function. Haemodynamic compromise, progression of concurrent cardiac disease and sudden death may all be seen with ARVC, and these can...
When a rabbit is brought into practice with gastrointestinal symptoms it is important to rapidly establish whether there is an obstruction requiring immediate emergency surgery or if gut stasis is the...
By far the most commonly seen on both dogs and cats is the ‘cat flea’ Ctenocephalides felis. On the other hand, the ‘dog flea’ Ctenocephalides canis is observed infrequently on dogs and rarely on...
The reason flaps heal more consistently than grafts is that they are not reliant on the recipient bed for their nutrients, carrying a blood supply with them (Aper and Smeak, 2003). The nature of that...