Female Toxocara spp. are prolific egg layers, with each worm able to lay up to 20 000 eggs. Eggs are passed into the environment within faeces and take a period of time to develop within the egg,...
Obesity is a qualitative term (Wyse et al, 2008), defined as the accumulation of excess fat (adipose tissue) within the body (Thatcher et al, 2012). It has also been defined as a disease in which...
Pet ownership is known to have a number of positive impacts on the health and wellbeing of owners. According to a 2005 paper written for the British Medical Journal (McNicholas et al, 2005), benefits...
The only way to reveal oral pathology is through a thorough examination. An oral examination should always begin in a conscious patient (Wiggs, 1997; Gorrel, 2008). If the patient (due to aggression...
Medical management of IHPSS is only palliative with a life expectancy of a few months to 3 years (Watson and Herrtage, 1998) and so surgical correction is preferred to improve long-term prognosis...
Indications for NPWT in animals include: treatment of large, open, contaminated wounds; dehisced surgical wounds, (with or without exposed orthopaedic implants or bones), degloving injuries and skin...
Pure or full μ-agonists can produce maximal activation of the receptor when bound, and the subsequent cellular processes produce a maximal analgesic effect. Clinically, the full μ-agonist opioids are...
In the author's experience, it is advised to consider equipping a veterinary practice with some particular items to assist with caring for sick ferrets, such as small scales, baby bottle warmer,...
CAD is a complex interaction between genetic, immunological, environmental and microbial factors. CAD has recently been described as: ‘…a genetically predisposed inflammatory and pruritic allergic...
This Border Collie had trouble rising and a gradual worsening of general stiffness. Clinical examination localised his discomfort to the lumbar-sacral areas with bilateral hip and cervical pain. A...
A toxicant is any poison, while a toxin is a poison that comes from a biological origin (e.g. tetanus toxin and toad toxin). Most toxicants produce an acute onset of clinical signs, although there are...