Foxes act as a natural reservoir of A. vasorum with dogs becoming infected from contaminated, slugs, snails and frogs within their environment. This wildlife reservoir tends to lead towards high...
Rabbits are crepuscular animals, being more active during dawn and dusk and they feed primarily during these hours. Rabbits are well adapted to living in environmrnts with sparse nutritional resources...
The principles of ORT are based on supplying simple nutrients that can be absorbed directly by the cells lining the small intestine, known as enterocytes (Figure 2). Enterocytes are not capable of...
The tooth is a complicated structure comprising mineralized tissues which vary in structure and density. Both the composition of the tooth and the peridontium help to protect it from oral pathology...
When feeding, fleas inject their saliva, which contains a variety of histamine-like compounds, enzymes, polypeptides, and various amino acids. These immunogenic (allergenic) molecules exhibit unusual...
All breeds of chickens need to be able to display their unique behavioural traits easily and freely; if they cannot do this, soon they become depressed and develop health and disease problems....
Wild rabbits eat a high fibre, low energy diet of grasses and other plants. Fibre is composed of cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin, which cannot be digested by mammalian enzymes. Fermentation by...
An understanding of the guinea pig digestive system is useful when advising on the correct diet for them, and also for problem solving any conditions that may be diet related..
Losses occur via convection, conduction, evaporation and radiation (Figure 1)..
The patient was presented to the surgery with a 3-day history of a corneal ulcer in his left eye. His owners reported him to be inappetant, depressed and lethargic..
Heart disease can occur at any age. Common congenital defects in dogs include patent ductus arteriosus, aortic stenosis and pulmonic stenosis. The most common acquired canine heart diseases are...
While selective breeding has changed external features, such as the domestic rabbit's coat colour, fur length, ear shape and size, its underlying physiology is, or should be, similar to that of the...