Supraglottic airway devices were developed for use in human anaesthesia to offer a simple and effective alternative to endotracheal intubation. They are de-fined as devices that ventilate patients by...
Bluebells (Hyacinthoides non-scripta) are bulbous plants found in woodland, hedgerows, parks and gardens. They are part of the Asparagaceae family. The flowers are often fragrant, blue to violet-blue...
Thermoreceptors are found centrally and peripherally. Peripheral receptors are located in the skin and central receptors are located in the hypothalamus, spinal cord, brain stem, abdominal organs and...
Safe and effective animal handling demands concentration and the ability to read the animal's body language and facial gestures. Taking a few moments to visually assess the dog or cat that is about to...
The influenza virus belongs to the family Orthomyxoviridae, and to the genus influenzavirus that comprise s3 types, A, B and C. The influenza virus possesses a segmented negative-strand RNA genome....
The behavioural signals that may indicate pain in cats may include (but are not limited to): changes in activity; agitation; aggression; altered appetite; altered interaction with family members;...
Studies have examined the survival rates of cats and dogs after CPCR and the survival to discharge rates are very low. Wingfield and Van Pelt (1992) report survival rates of 4.1% for dogs and 9.6% for...
Over the past 10 years the Veterinary Defence Society (VDS), a mutual insurance company that insures the practising profession against claims of negligence, reported 11 feline claims involving...
Wound infection has been well recognized as a factor involved in prolonged wound healing. Wound infection is seen to prolong the inflammatory phase of wound healing, resulting in pain and discomfort...
Donors should be considered to be clinically normal on the basis of standard history and physical examination findings. These should be rechecked before each donation and the donation cancelled if...
Cerebral hemisphere differentiation is well documented in vertebrates (De Boyer Des Roches et al, 2008; Rogers, 2010) (Table 1), with the left hemisphere considered to be responsible for...
IBD can present with an array of clinical signs including chronic intermittent vomiting and/or diarrhoea, anorexia and weight loss. In severe cases, haematemesis, haematochezia and protein losing...