Clinical

Diet in canine dermatology part 2: management of cutaneous adverse food reactions

An adverse food reaction (AFR) describes an abnormal response as a result of ingestion of a food or food additive, with cutaneous adverse food reactions (CAFRs) — the main focus of this article —...

Small mammal herbivores part 1: digestive system adaptations to a herbivorous diet

The selected species considered in this article are monogastric hindgut fermenters: they have a single, non-compartmentalised stomach, and a large caecum that is the site of microbial fermentation...

Autumn poisoning hazards for pets

Luminous novelty items such as necklaces, glow sticks and glow bracelets, are often available at fair grounds and similar venues particularly at Halloween and Bonfire Night. They consist of...

Nerve blocks on forelimbs and hindlimbs as part of a multimodal analgesia plan

Table 1 shows the different local anaesthetic drugs and the doses that can be used in locoregional blocks. A combination of these local anaesthetics and an opioid, can be used to form part of a...

Vegan diets for felines

Veterinary professionals are commonly taught that taurine, arachidonic acid and vitamin A cannot be derived from plant material and will need to be chemically synthesised (as with taurine) or be...

An overview of rabbit diseases and their current vaccination protocols

Other diseases less commonly seen in rabbits include encephalitozoonosis (Encephalitozoon cuniculi infection) and pasteurellosis (Pasteurella multocida infection). E. cuniculi is a microscopic...

Diet in canine dermatology part 1: nutrition for skin health and support

Veterinary nurses can play a crucial role in assisting with a full dermatological history to aid the diagnosis of any skin disease. As part of this, obtaining a full dietary history from owners is...

Endotracheal intubation of small exotic mammals

Small exotic mammals are prone to stress in hospital environments and should be given time to become accustomed to their unfamiliar surroundings. These species have high sympathetic tone that can...

The physiological mechanisms of acupuncture analgesia and its applications within veterinary practice

The plethora of structures at acupuncture points such as: blood vessels, immunomodulatory cells and afferent nerve endings that respond to touch, pressure, pain, and chemical changes; muscles; glands;...

The veterinary nurse's role in the management of acute oropharyngeal injury in dogs

A successful outcome of an emergency patient is more likely where quick and appropriate action is taken. This is dictated by the initial observation and clinical examination. Triage is a way of...

Veterinary nutritional assessment: the importance of an interprofessional approach

As with any medical intervention, there are always risks of complications and this is no different with nutritional interventions. Minimising such risks depends on regular nutritional assessment,...