The aetiology of feline OA is different to that of canine OA. There is much less evidence to support OA secondary to developmental disease processes such as dysplasia, with one particular study citing...
Intestinal helminthes of companion animals are of primary importance in daily clinical practice (Figure 1). The roundworms (ascarids), Toxocara canis and Toxocara cati (Figure 2), infecting dogs and...
Rupert was a 6-year-old, male neutered, crossbreed rabbit belonging to one of the clinic's veterinary surgeons. He was fully up to date with vaccinations against myxomatosis and rabbit haemorrhagic...
The role of food allergies in canine and feline IBD is unknown. In IBD, the immune system responds incorrectly to environmental triggers, which can include food, that causes inflammation of the...
Other, more uncommon, fungal infections include candidiasis (Figure 12), cryptococcosis, sporotrichosis and alternariosis. Clinically, these mycoses can cause dermatitis similar to that of Malassezia...
Woolf (2011) defined the three types of pain as: neurological, this stems from the nervous system because of abnormal function; nociceptive, this is a result of a noxious stimulus damaging the...
Patient monitoring in critically ill patients is essential, and RVNs are extensively involved in this aspect of patient care (Figure 1). Monitoring should be uniquely tailored to the patient, with...
Laser therapy or photobiomodulation is a photochemical process in which light from a laser interacts with cells and causes stimulation or other biochemical changes (Pryor and Millis, 2015). Depending...
As in any dermatological disease the investigation of otitis should involve a general, dermatological and otic history. Experienced nurses are capable of taking a history from clients. This can be...
Bites and scratches leading to compromise of the skin barrier can in turn, lead to the introduction of bacteria and ringworm. Cat bites and scratches are a particular risk for Bartonella henselae (the...
IMHA is the most common reason for haemolytic anaemia in canine patients, however it is uncommon in cats (Woolcock and Scott-Moncrieff, 2019). Breeds including Springer Spaniels, Cocker Spaniels, Old...
