How to record and interpret an electrocardiogram
Abstract
Veterinary nurses are frequently required to record electrocardiograms (ECGs). Some arrhythmias need quick recognition and action, and so a nurse that can assist is incredibly valuable. This article will discuss how to record a good quality ECG trace and how to minimise artifact interference. It will also describe the ‘normal’ ECG appearance and show how to interpret the recording using six simple step-by-step questions. It will also highlight and explain some of the more common arrhythmias seen.
Electrocardiogram (ECG) recordings can be quite daunting for the veterinary nurse to interpret. However, among the squiggly lines, there is an organized pattern of electrical conduction, which shows the depolarization and repolarization of the heart tissue via waveforms and intervals on the ECG (Willis, 2010). The technique of how to record an ECG trace is very important. The recording needs to be as clear as possible from artifacts, such as skeletal muscle movement or panting, because this may hide smaller parts of the ECG complex, which may hamper interpretation (Martin, 2007). A logical and systematic approach to ECG interpretation is recommended (Ware, 2007).
An ECG records the electrical activity (depolarization and repolarization) of the cardiac muscle, as it pumps blood around the body.
Correct positioning of the ECG leads is vital. If leads are misplaced, misdiagnosis may occur.
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