Pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage, or described in terms of such damage (Bonica, 1979). Pain motivates withdrawal from...
Pure or full μ-agonists can produce maximal activation of the receptor when bound, and the subsequent cellular processes produce a maximal analgesic effect. Clinically, the full μ-agonist opioids are...
In the UK, opioids are classified as ‘controlled drugs’ due to their propensity for abuse. This means that the purchase, storage and use of opioids are legally regulated. The degree of regulation is...