It is important to carry out temperature control measures into the recovery period, with particular care being taken in species that may overheat quickly, such as chinchillas, or those that may lose...
Commonly a result of an inability to dissipate heat, increased heat production/provision or a combination of both, hyperthermia can have significant deleterious impacts on the body (Thomson et al,...
Although relatively new in veterinary medicine, anaesthesia checklists in human medicine have been shown to decrease complications and mortality rates (Hohenfellner, 2009) by reducing the occurrence...
On presentation to the practice the patient should have their basic parameters assessed, including heart rate, respiratory rate, temperature, mucous membrane colour, capillary refill time and blood...
CO2 within the body can be measured either directly via arterial sampling, which gives us the partial pressure of CO2 in arterial blood (PaCO2), or indirectly via capnography. PaCO2 readings are...
The pre-anaesthetic phase comprises a thorough pre-anaesthetic evaluation to include a clinical history and a physical examination, as well as selecting the appropriate pre-anaesthetic drugs and...
The climate crisis is the largest and most prolonged threat to global health ever described (Costello et al, 2009). The rising temperatures documented over recent centuries are attributed largely to...
Small exotic mammals are prone to stress in hospital environments and should be given time to become accustomed to their unfamiliar surroundings. These species have high sympathetic tone that can...
A successful outcome of an emergency patient is more likely where quick and appropriate action is taken. This is dictated by the initial observation and clinical examination. Triage is a way of...
Hospitals should create not only anaesthetic drug protocols for geriatric patients, but also pre and postoperative care instructions for staff and pet owners to ensure high-quality care and monitoring...
Fibroadenomas are known to be under hormonal influence, more specifically it is theorised that high levels of prolactin from prolactin secreting pituitary adenomas influence the development of these...
The veterinary surgeon will decide when anaesthesia is necessary — this may be at the time of injury or may not be until the patient has been stabilised, which may take a few hours or even days.
Pain is an unpleasant experience providing sensory and emotional components to actual or potential tissue damage (McKune et al, 2015)..
