Lavage is fundamental in breaking down bacterial biofilms, which occur when a group of microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, parasites and viruses) attach themselves to a surface to create a colony,...
An assessment of the dog's ear condition prior to attempting to take a sample is important to try to gain an understanding of the severity of the otitis. While some infections such as with Malassezia...
The gold standard provision in veterinary care is to utilise evidence-based medicine to help evaluate the weight of evidence and guide clinical decision making which will ultimately increase animal...
Mechanisms for antibiotic resistance may be categorised as intrinsic resistance or acquired resistance (Umber and Bender, 2009). Some bacteria are inherently resistant to certain antibiotics due to...
Identification of bacteria within the canine GI tract has traditionally been achieved by culture of faecal samples. This method has, however, now been recognised as being ineffective with large...
The first antibiotic penicillin was discovered by Alexander Fleming in 1928 (Fleming, 1929), and more than 100 compounds have been found since, but no new class has been found since 1987 (Ling et al,...
Gastrointestinal complaints are are a common presentation in veterinary practice. Physiologic states such as infection and chronic inflammation can decrease levels of beneficial bacteria (Rastall,...