Canine and feline hypertension

Blood pressure is a measure of cardiac output and systolic vascular resistance. A decrease in blood pressure can occur in a response to a drop in cardiac output, such as serious haemorrhage, a poorly...

How to accurately measure blood pressure

Blood pressure, or more accurately intravascular pressure, is the pressure that blood physically exerts on a vessel wall. This pressure is important because the difference in intravascular pressure at...

Feline systemic hypertension: the how and why of blood pressure

Blood pressure is the force exerted on the vessel wall which is measured in millimetres of mercury (mmHg). Blood pressure is affected by two factors; cardiac output, or the amount of blood ejected...

How to take blood pressure in a conscious cat

There are different ways to measure BP in cats, and most nurses will be restricted to what is available in practice. Only one relatively recent study has compared oscillometric and Doppler methods in...

Monitoring anaesthetics in exotics

Pre-surgical patient preparation includes the gathering and organisation of all monitoring equipment, heat sources, emergency drugs and other supplies prior to induction of anaesthesia. Vascular...