Fleas (Ctenocephalides felis and Ctenocephalides canis) are cosmopolitan ectoparasites, feeding on dogs and cats, which act as competent vectors for a high number of pathogens (Traversa, 2013). A...
Temperatures below freezing are lethal to adult fleas, dying within 5 days at -1°C and 10 days at 3°C. Survival significantly increases when temperatures exceed 8°C where nearly half of emerged adults...
‘We need to teach our children and students the fundamental facts of life — that one species’ waste is another species’ food; that matter cycles continually through the web of life; that the energy...