The heart contains four chambers, the left and right atria and left and right ventricles. These four chambers receive and send blood through several vessels and valves to keep the body perfused with...
Heart disease is defined as any abnormality of cardiac structure or function. Heart failure is said to occur when clinical signs of increased tissue water and/or decreased tissue perfusion are...
The patient had pale, tacky mucus membranes (MM) and a capillary refill time of 1–2 seconds. He had a heart rate (HR) of 224 beats per minute (bpm), with an irregular rhythm and weak peripheral...
Henry was presented with acute onset respiratory distress. He had a 2 month history of exercise intolerance and breathlessness, but had developed a retching cough 4 days prior to presentation, and had...