How to accurately measure blood pressure

Blood pressure, or more accurately intravascular pressure, is the pressure that blood physically exerts on a vessel wall. This pressure is important because the difference in intravascular pressure at...

Feline systemic hypertension: the how and why of blood pressure

Blood pressure is the force exerted on the vessel wall which is measured in millimetres of mercury (mmHg). Blood pressure is affected by two factors; cardiac output, or the amount of blood ejected...

Monitoring anaesthetics in exotics

Pre-surgical patient preparation includes the gathering and organisation of all monitoring equipment, heat sources, emergency drugs and other supplies prior to induction of anaesthesia. Vascular...

How to measure blood pressure: direct and indirect techniques

The veterinary nurse (VN) should be knowledgeable with regards to the normal ranges of blood pressure (BP) in dogs and cats, the physiological effects of anaesthesia on BP and consequences of...