Fleas are laterally flattened, dark brown insects around 2–5 mm in size. Although fleas are wingless (Figure 1), they are highly mobile because of their strong hind legs adapted for jumping (Wright...
A. vasorum has an indirect mollusc-borne life cycle. Dogs become infected when they ingest slugs and snails containing infective third-stage larvae (L3s). Adult female worms lay eggs in the pulmonary...
A daily oral hygiene regimen should be part of every dog and cat's routine, and advising owners on suitable options, and helping them implement these, is an important aspect of the RVN's role. Regular...