Even the owners of highly sociable indoor cats will describe the frequent tendency of their cat to actively desire periods of solitary independence. This level of freedom to remove themselves from the...
A dog's natural response to a novel encounter with a stimulus (whatever it is) is one of preparatory arousal (Gray, 1987) — it is this initiation of a stress response that will enable an appropriate...
Stress is an emotional and physiological response to change in an animal's environment (Mills et al, 2013). Such change is brought about by the presence of a ‘stressor’ which can be a stimulus that is...
The term ‘puppy party’ is a popular way of encouraging owners to attend sessions, particularly those owners with previous experience of dogs and who may be less likely to attend an obviously...
The 19th and 20th century psychologists argued long and hard over the relative influences of nature and nurture on an individual's behaviour. The current consensus is that both the genetic background...