Arthritis is often seen in guinea pigs that are suffering from hypovitaminosis C (scurvy) as this results in intra-articular haemorrhage (Witkowska et al, 2017). It has also been noted in those...
When the osteoarthritic patient comes into the hospital or facility, they need to be provided with plenty of cushions and bedding suitable for arthritic joints and backs (Figure 1). Geriatric dogs...
Behaviours that the owner may see early during the disease are the dog sporadically reluctant to perform previous tasks or activities, such as jumping into the car, which never posed a problem before....
The ageing process is a normal and natural phase of life, however it is also a progressive and an irreversible process occurring throughout the entire body. Ageing is a genetically determined process...
The ideal diet for pet rabbits is unlimited grass-based hay, green leafy vegetables, and limited high-quality, hay-based pellets (Bradley, 2004). As they age, geriatric rabbits are fed the same foods,...
Canine cognitive dysfunction causes diminished cognitive function via an increase in damaged brain tissues, resulting in canine memory loss characterised by altered behaviours (Druce, 2014)....
The geriatric horse can pose a number of problems and the geriatric donkey a few more. The donkey can be more of a cause for concern due to its stoical nature; it is essential that equine veterinary...
As stated by Carpenter et al (2005), ageing causes a progressive and irreversible decrease in functional reserves of the major organ systems, leading to altered responses to stressors and anaesthetic...
The behavioural signals that may indicate pain in cats may include (but are not limited to): changes in activity; agitation; aggression; altered appetite; altered interaction with family members;...