Care of hamsters in the veterinary environment

In 2014, approximately 500 000 hamsters were kept as pets in the UK, according to estimates from the Pet Food Manufacturers Association (Mancinelli and Bament, 2014). There are many breeds of...

Health and husbandry of companion parrots

Looking after the health of parrots occurs even before the patient presents to the veterinary clinic. It is important for front-of-house staff to discuss appropriate carry cages with owners prior to...

Stress in chelonians (tortoises, terrapins and turtles)

The physical environment should provide opportunities for maintenance of homeostasis and for the range of normal behaviours to be shown. Similarly the presence (or absence) of other chelonians may...

There's no such thing as a free meal: environmental enrichment for rabbits

A rabbit's natural diet consists of very tough, fibrous foods of low nutritional value — they have a very diverse diet consisting of hay, grass, bark, and roots of many types of plants. Such low...

Poultry husbandry: key management points

All breeds of chickens need to be able to display their unique behavioural traits easily and freely; if they cannot do this, soon they become depressed and develop health and disease problems....

Chinchilla husbandry: an overview of correct care

Chinchillas have soft dense fur with 60–90 hairs emerging from a single follicle (Saunders, 2009) and a large bushy tail that is covered with coarser hair than the rest of the body..

How to create a rabbit friendly practice and run a successful rabbit clinic

Although domesticated for decades, rabbits' behaviour has changed little, and they are easily frightened, and quickly stressed. The effects of stress are significant and can lead to heart failure and...