Figure 1. The four distinct phases of intravenous fluid therapy for humans with critical illness

Care of the acute kidney injury patient

The causes of acute kidney injury can be divided into three categories:.

Figure 1. Congenital polycystic kidney disease is especially common in Persian and Exotic shorthair cats.

Dietary management of the cat with chronic kidney disease

The ideal diet for a cat with renal disease should have a number of basic properties. It should be:.