A practical guide to heart murmurs for veterinary nurses

A heart murmur is an abnormal sound of a prolonged duration. Normal blood flow should pass through blood vessels with minimal turbulence, and not create any extra sound. However, if there is a...

Mitral valve disease and dilated cardiomyopathy in canines

Normal cardiovascular function provides the body with nutrients and removes metabolic waste. The heart is the pumping force behind this system, and is divided into two sides to prevent mixing of...