Pain can be described as an awareness of an unpleasant sensation associated with actual or potential physical trauma and tissue damage (Merskey and Bogduk, 1994). The term pain refers to the conscious...
A number of techniques exist to block various parts of the head and muzzle. These blocks are particularly useful in those patients undergoing painful dental procedures, mandibulectomies,...
Adjunctive analgesia has the potential to relieve pain and improve patient comfort in veterinary patients, especially when traditional analgesics alone have failed. This article reviewed some of the...
Nociceptors are the peripheral sensory nerve endings that respond to a noxious stimulus (thermal, chemical and mechanical). The nociceptive pathway is made up of four processes that transmit...