A number of techniques exist to block various parts of the head and muzzle. These blocks are particularly useful in those patients undergoing painful dental procedures, mandibulectomies,...
Nociception is the process by which a signal caused by a noxious stimulus is communicated from the site of tissue injury to the brain (Farquhar-Smith, 2008). There are four basic steps involved in...
Nociceptors are the peripheral sensory nerve endings that respond to a noxious stimulus (thermal, chemical and mechanical). The nociceptive pathway is made up of four processes that transmit...