Pre-emptive analgesia is analgesia given before the pain response is triggered with the aim of avoiding ‘wind up’, the development of peripheral and central sensitisation (Lantz, 2003). Stimulation of...
Pure or full μ-agonists can produce maximal activation of the receptor when bound, and the subsequent cellular processes produce a maximal analgesic effect. Clinically, the full μ-agonist opioids are...
In the UK, opioids are classified as ‘controlled drugs’ due to their propensity for abuse. This means that the purchase, storage and use of opioids are legally regulated. The degree of regulation is...