Anaesthetic management of a patient undergoing dental extractions with concurrent congestive heart failure and advanced tracheal collapse

The patient was presented to the hospital for routine examination with a history of congestive heart failure (CHF) and advanced tracheal collapse. The owner reported recent exacerbation of the...

Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics for VNs: 2

Generally, in order for a drug to exert an effect on the body, the drug must bind to a receptor. The word ‘receptor’ can be used to describe all target molecules for drug binding, and it is used in...

Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics for VNs

The majority of drugs do not exert their effects in the compartment into which they are delivered, e.g. the gastrointestinal tract for drugs given orally or the plasma for drugs given intravenously....