Medical management of IHPSS is only palliative with a life expectancy of a few months to 3 years (Watson and Herrtage, 1998) and so surgical correction is preferred to improve long-term prognosis...
Purebred dogs are at increased risk for PSS. EHPSS are most frequently diagnosed in young (under 1 year of age) toy/miniature breeds dogs such as Yorkshire Terrier, Shih Tzu, Lhasa Apso, Maltese and...