Anaesthesia in exotics part 1: small mammals

It is important to carry out temperature control measures into the recovery period, with particular care being taken in species that may overheat quickly, such as chinchillas, or those that may lose...

Surgical site infections: preparation, technique and perioperative prevention

Translocation of endogenous microbial flora is the most common route of surgical site infection. Skin preparation and aseptic techniques aim to reduce or eliminate the growth of resident and transient...

Dystocia resulting in Caesarean section of the bitch

There are a number of reasons a whelping bitch will be asked to be brought to the veterinary practice, these include unproductive straining for more than 4 hours, if there is more than 2 hours between...

Dental Anaesthesia and Analgesia of the Dog and Cat

Drug selection should be made on a case by case basis, considering pre-anaesthetic clinical findings, American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) status (Table 1), patient signalment, temperament and...

Pre surgical hand preparation: moving from tradition

Historically, surgical hand antisepsis has been carried out using either chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) or povidone iodine (PI) alongside water and a scrubbing brush (Figures 1,2 and 3). Many studies...

Development of the VN online clinical placement tool

The ‘VN Online Clinical Placement Tool’ was based on the EMS Driving Licence and was developed in Adobe Flash. As several members of the project team were co-authors of the EMS Driving Licence CAL, it...

Early neutering of cats: the risk factors and benefits

The issue of homeless and unwanted cats is becoming an increasing problem in the UK. It is estimated there are around 2.5 million stray cats in the UK, and neutering is vital to prevent this problem...