Caries (Figure 2) form as a result of a process called ‘inorganic demineralisation’ of the enamel caused by the fermentation of plaque bacteria within the oral cavity. These bacteria use the...
Other diseases less commonly seen in rabbits include encephalitozoonosis (Encephalitozoon cuniculi infection) and pasteurellosis (Pasteurella multocida infection). E. cuniculi is a microscopic...
Bites and scratches leading to compromise of the skin barrier can in turn, lead to the introduction of bacteria and ringworm. Cat bites and scratches are a particular risk for Bartonella henselae (the...
Coproantigen or faecal flotation can be used as an alternative to routine preventative treatment for intestinal nematodes as long as testing is carried out at least four times a year and the client...
All puppies and kittens are infected with Toxocara canis and Toxocara cati respectively, at or shortly after birth (Overgauuw and Van Knapen, 2013). This occurs through transplacental (puppies) and...
The two ascarid species that can produce patent infections in domestic cats are Toxocara cati (Schrank, 1788) (syn. Toxocara mystax, Fusaria mystax, Ascaris felis, Ascaris cati, Belascaris mystax, and...
A. vasorum has spread rapidly over the past 20 years from endemic foci in Wales, the South West and South East of England across the whole of the UK. Increased reporting of cases has been seen in...
The distribution of TBEV is closely related to the activity of its tick vectors. These are Ixodes ricinus (Figure 1) in Western and Central Europe and Ixodes persulcatus in Central and Eastern Europe....
Wounds are generally categorised into four classifications (see Table 1) Clean wounds provide minimal risk of infection, whereas dirty wounds may already display signs of infection or tissue damage...
Elderly animals need to be able to move around their environment and access important resources easily. This can be particularly challenging for animals with medical problems affecting their mobility,...
Over the past few decades in the medical profession, various studies and research have been carried out which have brought to light a large variety of adverse pathophysiological effects that...
Both the prevalence and clinical significance of HD vary widely among breeds (Wang et al, 1999;Todhunter et al, 2003), mainly affecting giant and large breed dogs, such as German Shepherds, Labrador...