To understand how a dog becomes incontinent it is important to first understand the physiology of normal micturition (the act of urinating). Urinary continence requires coordination between the...
The bladder can be divided into the apex (apex vesicae), body (corpus vesicae), and neck (cervix vesicae). The trigone of the bladder (trigonum vesicae) is a triangular area on the dorsal aspect of...