Addisonian crisis diagnosis and management

Hypoadrenocorticism (Addison's disease) is often called the great pretender because it usually presents with nondescript signs and symptoms. As a result it may be misdiagnosed which can cause a delay in treatment and a life-threatening condition. Although it is uncommon in dogs and even rarer in cats it is important to understand this disease, signs and how to treat to allow patients the best chance of survival and long-term success (Norkus, 2012).

The body contains two adrenal glands which lie close to the kidneys. The adrenal glands are part of the endocrine system and help to produce several hormones. Glucocorticoids are released by the adrenal glands and are regulated by adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) from the pituitary gland (Aspinall and O'Reilly, 2004). The term corticosteroids is applied to hormones of the glucocorticoid class (those that affect glucose) that are released from the adrenal glands (Aspinall and O'Reilly, 2004).