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Endocrinology

Canine diabetes mellitus

02 September 2019
Clinical
9 mins read
02 September 2019
Volume 10 · Issue 7

Abstract

Canine diabetes mellitus is a complex endocrinopathy, with a pathogenesis that varies amongst individuals, but is clinically similar to Type I diabetes in humans. The aetiology and pathogenesis of the disease remains poorly understood; however, irrespective of the underlying aetiology, diabetes mellitus is reported to occur as a result of the interplay between environmental and genetic factors. Investigation and treatment of canine diabetes will require considerable investment from owners. This will include both financial commitment and considerable time and effort; but this commitment can achieve a good outcome.

A 7-year-old female (entire) Husky presented to the clinic with weight loss despite a good appetite. The owner reported that the dog had been drinking more than usual (polydipsia) and was also urinating more frequently (polyuria). Vaccination and worming were up to date. On clinical examination the dog had a body condition score of 4/9 and had lost 7 kg since the previous examination 1 year ago. No other abnormalities were found on clinical examination. Tests to aid diagnosis were performed including haematology and biochemistry blood tests, which revealed hyperglycaemia with a blood glucose of 27.6 mmol (3.3–6.1 mmol) and urinalysis, which indicated glucosuria and ketonuria.

Hyperglycaemia refers to abnormally high levels of glucose (a simple carbohydrate sugar) in the blood. Glucose is a major source of energy for the body and insulin, a hormone produced and released by the pancreas, plays a key role in maintaining normal sugar levels. Table 1 indicates the potential causes of hyperglycaemia in dogs.

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canine
diabetes
insulin
veterinary nurse