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There's no such thing as a free meal: environmental enrichment for rabbits
Abstract
Environmental enrichment is the creation of an environment which encourages the animal to demonstrate natural, species-specific behaviours and enhances opportunities for stimulation. It is a term common in the lexicon of anyone working in zoos, laboratories or other captive animal populations but rarely employed in discussions with pet owners or in veterinary hospitals for domestic animal care. Within the pet population it is particularly important for species other than dogs and cats — which may be given less opportunities for freedom or exercise. The biggest barrier to the adoption of enrichment practices in such pets is a lack of knowledge as to its importance and uncertainty about how to create enrichment opportunities. This article seeks to encourage the reader to think of ways the lives of pet rabbits can be enriched both at home and in a hospital environment.
As a concept, environmental enrichment is something that many veterinary surgeons, veterinary nurses and pet owners may be familiar with. The worried pet owner who brings some of their dog's bedding or favourite soft toys into hospital with them to reduce a pet's perceived anxiety is one basic example.
Whereas dogs and cats are traditionally given more opportunities to engage in natural behaviour when out for a walk or having outside access in general, many other species such as rabbits may be housed in fairly barren, restrictive environments and lack opportunities to engage in natural activities. This can impact significantly on their quality of life. ‘Generally accepted paradigms support the notion that expanding an animal's options for species-specific behavioural expression can positively affect both physiological and psychological wellbeing’ (Hutchinson et al, 2005: 151).
In order to provide the best environment for any species it is first necessary to have knowledge of that animal's behaviour (Hutchinson et al, 2005). What environment do they live in? What is important to them? For example, a rabbit may prioritise foraging for food and avoiding predators. Comparison of a wild rabbit to a captive rabbit can help to illustrate the importance of environmental enrichment.
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